Journal: iScience
Article Title: HKU1 immune imprinting is associated with post-COVID symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection
doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115175
Figure Lengend Snippet: HKU1 antibody reactivity was protective against SARS-CoV-2 infection but increased the risk of post-COVID symptoms in vaccinated, infection-naive individuals (A) Comparison of HCoV spike IgG levels (HKU1, OC43, NL63, and 229E; log-transformed data) at baseline, between individuals infected and those who were not at the one-year follow-up. Comparisons were performed using a Wilcoxon rank-sum test ( n = 700, infected = 509, uninfected = 191). (B) Effects of HCoV spike IgG levels, time interval between the first and second vaccine dose (days), use of mRNA vaccines only, sex, and age at baseline, on the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection at the one-year follow-up. (C) Comparison of HCoV spike IgG levels at baseline, between individuals who developed post-COVID symptoms versus those who did not, by the one-year follow-up visit. Comparisons were performed using a Wilcoxon rank-sum test ( n = 509, post-COVID symptoms = 165, no post-COVID symptoms = 335; missing data = 9). (D) Effects of HCoV spike IgG levels, time interval between the first and second dose (days), use of mRNA vaccines only, sex, and age at baseline, on the risk of post-COVID symptoms at the one-year follow-up. (B and D) Show adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals on a logarithmic scale (in blue) where the dashed horizontal line indicates no effect (OR = 1), with corresponding p -values (in red). (E–G) Antibody-dependent complement deposition (ADCD) between individuals with the highest (78 th centile, n = 88) and lowest (22 nd centile, n = 88) HKU1 spike (E), SARS-CoV-2 S1 (F) and S2 (G) IgG levels. Comparisons were performed using a Wilcoxon rank-sum test. For (A, C, E–G) data are shown as box (median, with lower/higher quartiles)-and-whiskers (upper whisker: Q3+1.5xIQR, lower whisker: Q1-1.5xIQR) plots, with all data points. For (B, D): Odds Ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (blue line) and p value (in red), on a log scale. (∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗ p < 0.001).
Article Snippet: Guinea pig complement , Cedarlane , Cat# CL4051.
Techniques: Infection, Comparison, Transformation Assay, Vaccines, Whisker Assay
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